This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions.
Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. They began to revolt against the Spanish. LS23 6AD English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises.
What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers 14-16 /
The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only .
In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay 214 High Street, Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North.
PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide West Yorkshire, Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England.
PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 It had to deal with Irish . Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. and reversing the religious settlement. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers.
Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. he could also overthrow her. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Student /
Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Boston Spa, The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her.
Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site 214 High Street, One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. . The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation.
Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? - rebelling of scottish lords. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. Most people in . The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II.
PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. The attack was a success. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. LS23 6AD Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Boston House,
Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. Manage Settings Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England.
Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country.
How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people.
Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility.
Religion was the most serious problem facing Elizabeth in 1558? How far He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Mary Queen of Scots was married to .
DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Roman Catholics . Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. West Yorkshire, -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth).
The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. 214 High Street, Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.].
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . 214 High Street,
Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Those who refused this were sent to prison. Spanish invasion plans. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558?
To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Mary was spared. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Overview of Elizabeth I / However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. Boston House, Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7.
The English also had better tactics that were more effective. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada.
Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com Boston Spa, As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread.
Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. West Yorkshire, Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World).
The new and updated summary of the British and American history [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Elizabeth I: a biography. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Company Reg no: 04489574. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. VAT reg no 816865400. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain.